Calculo de distancia entre dos coordenadas geográficas

Los valores de latitud y longitud en la siguiente formula deben ser proveídos en radianes:  Valor = Grados * PI / 180
El numero: 6378.137 es el diámetro de la tierra en kilómetros de acuerdo al sistema WGS84. Use 3963.191 para millas.

Si no dispone de la función ACos, probablemente tendrá la función Atn, la siguiente formula realiza el calculo vía ArcTan.
En esta formula se proveen los datos Latitud y Longitud sin convertir a radianes.
 

Const PI = 3.14159265358979323846 Const Radius = 6378.137 Dim Lat1 = 41.3879169; Dim Lon1 = 2.1699187; Dim Lat2 = 40.4167413; Dim Lon2 = -3.7032498; 'Units: K=kilometers M=miles N=nautical miles Dim Unit = "K" Dim Result Result = Distance( Lat1, Lon1, Lat2, Lon2, Unit ) & " kilometers" msgbox(Result) Function Distance( Lat1, Lon1, Lat2, Lon2, Unit ) Dim dlon, distance Lat1 = cdbl(Lat1 * PI / 180) Lon1 = cdbl(Lon1 * PI / 180) Lat2 = cdbl(Lat2 * PI / 180) Lon2 = cdbl(Lon2 * PI / 180) DLon = Lon1 - Lon2 Distance = ACos (sin(Lat1) * sin(Lat2) + cos(Lat1) * cos(Lat2) * cos(DLon) ) * Radius Select Case lcase(unit) Case "K" Distance = Distance Case "M" Distance = Distance * 0.621371192 Case "N" Distance = Distance * 0.539956803 End Select End Function ' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ' Calculates ArcCos: acos() funtion (not available) by using Arctan: atn() function ' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Function ACos(rad) If abs(rad) <> 1 Then acos = PI/2 - atn(rad/sqr(1-rad*rad)) ElseIf rad = -1 Then acos = PI End If End function #include <stdio.h> #include <Math.h> #define PI 3.14159265358979323846 double Distance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2, char unit) {     double deg2radMultiplier = PI / 180;     lat1 = lat1 * deg2radMultiplier;     lon1 = lon1 * deg2radMultiplier;     lat2 = lat2 * deg2radMultiplier;     lon2 = lon2 * deg2radMultiplier;     double radius = 6378.137; // earth mean radius defined by WGS84     double dlon = lon2 - lon1;     double distance = acos( sin(lat1) * sin(lat2) +  cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * cos(dlon)) * radius;           if (unit == 'K') {         return (distance);      } else if (unit == 'M') {         return (distance * 0.621371192);     } else if (unit == 'N') {         return (distance * 0.539956803);     } else {         return 0;     } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { lat1 = 41.3879169; lon1 = 2.1699187; lat2 = 40.4167413; lon2 = -3.7032498;     printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'K'));     printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'M'));     printf("%f", Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'N')); } using System; namespace DistanceCalculatorCs {     class Program     {         static double Distance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2, char unit)         {             double deg2radMultiplier = Math.PI / 180;             lat1 = lat1 * deg2radMultiplier;             lon1 = lon1 * deg2radMultiplier;             lat2 = lat2 * deg2radMultiplier;             lon2 = lon2 * deg2radMultiplier;             double radius = 6378.137; // earth mean radius defined by WGS84             double dlon = lon2 - lon1;             double distance = Math.Acos(Math.Sin(lat1) * Math.Sin(lat2) + Math.Cos(lat1) * Math.Cos(lat2) * Math.Cos(dlon)) * radius;             if (unit == 'K') {                 return (distance);             } else if (unit == 'M') {                 return (distance * 0.621371192);             } else if (unit == 'N') {                 return (distance * 0.539956803);             } else {                 return 0;             }         }         static void Main(string[] args)         {             lat1 = 41.3879169;             lon1 = 2.1699187;             lat2 = 40.4167413;             lon2 = -3.7032498;             Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'K'));             Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'M'));             Console.WriteLine(Distance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2, 'N'));         }     } } use Math::Trig; $pi = 3.14159265358979323846; $radius = 6378.137; sub Distance { my ($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, $unit) = @_; $lat1 = deg2rad($lat1); $lon1 = deg2rad($lon1); $lat2 = deg2rad($lat2); $lon2 = deg2rad($lon2); my $dlon = $lon1 - $lon2; my $distance = acos (sin($lat1) * sin($lat2) + cos($lat1) * cos($lat2) * cos($dlon)) * $radius; if ($unit eq "K") { return $distance; } elsif ($unit eq "M") { return ($distance * 0.621371192); } elsif ($unit eq "N") { return ($distance * 0.539956803); } else { return 0; } } $lat1 = 41.3879169; $lon1 = 2.1699187; $lat2 = 40.4167413; $lon2 = -3.7032498; print Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "K") . " Kilometers\n"; print Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "M") . " Miles\n"; print Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "N") . " Nautical Miles\n"; <?php function Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, $unit) { $radius = 6378.137; // earth mean radius defined by WGS84 $dlon = $lon1 - $lon2; $distance = acos( sin(deg2rad($lat1)) * sin(deg2rad($lat2)) + cos(deg2rad($lat1)) * cos(deg2rad($lat2)) * cos(deg2rad($dlon))) * $radius; if ($unit == "K") { return ($distance); } else if ($unit == "M") { return ($distance * 0.621371192); } else if ($unit == "N") { return ($distance * 0.539956803); } else { return 0; } } $lat1 = 41.3879169; $lon1 = 2.1699187; $lat2 = 40.4167413; $lon2 = -3.7032498; echo Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "K") . " kilometers<br>"; echo Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "M") . " miles<br>"; echo Distance($lat1, $lon1, $lat2, $lon2, "N") . " nautical miles<br>"; ?>